Попробуйте запустить playbook на окружении из test.yml, зафиксируйте какое значение имеет факт some_fact для указанного хоста при выполнении playbook’a.

ansible-playbook -i inventory/test.yml site.yml
    TASK [Print fact] ***************************
ok: [localhost] => {
    "msg": 12
}

Найдите файл с переменными (group_vars) в котором задаётся найденное в первом пункте значение и поменяйте его на ‘all default fact’.

playbook/group_vars/all/examp.yml

Воспользуйтесь подготовленным (используется docker) или создайте собственное окружение для проведения дальнейших испытаний.

docker pull centos:centos7
docker pull ubuntu
docker run -it --name centos7 centos:centos7
docker run -it --name ubuntu ubuntu

Проведите запуск playbook на окружении из prod.yml. Зафиксируйте полученные значения some_fact для каждого из managed host.

mike@HOMEDX79SR:~/ans81/playbook$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE            COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
9457b83a7ce2   centos:centos7   "/bin/bash"   21 seconds ago   Up 20 seconds             centos7
c96aeb84fd82   ubuntu           "bash"        21 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes              ubuntu
mike@HOMEDX79SR:~/ans81/playbook$ sudo ansible-playbook -i inventory/prod.yml site.yml
PLAY [Print os facts] *********************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************
fatal: [ubuntu]: FAILED! => {"ansible_facts": {}, "changed": false, "failed_modules": {"ansible.legacy.setup": {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "failed": true, "module_stderr": "/bin/sh: 1: /usr/bin/python: not found\n", "module_stdout": "", "msg": "The module failed to execute correctly, you probably need to set the interpreter.\nSee stdout/stderr for the exact error", "rc": 127, "warnings": ["No python interpreters found for host ubuntu (tried ['/usr/bin/python', 'python3.9', 'python3.8', 'python3.7', 'python3.6', 'python3.5', 'python2.7', 'python2.6', '/usr/libexec/platform-python', '/usr/bin/python3', 'python'])"]}}, "msg": "The following modules failed to execute: ansible.legacy.setup\n"}
ok: [centos7]
TASK [Print OS] ********************
ok: [centos7] => {
"msg": "CentOS"
}
TASK [Print fact] ************************************
ok: [centos7] => {
"msg": "el"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************
centos7                    : ok=3    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

ubuntu                     : ok=0    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

Добавьте факты в group_vars каждой из групп хостов так, чтобы для some_fact получились следующие значения: для deb - ‘deb default fact’, для el - ‘el default fact’.
Повторите запуск playbook на окружении prod.yml. Убедитесь, что выдаются корректные значения для всех хостов.

mike@HOMEDX79SR:~/ans81/playbook$ ansible-playbook -i inventory/prod.yml site.yml
PLAY [Print os facts] **********************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************
fatal: [ubuntu]: FAILED! => {"ansible_facts": {}, "changed": false, "failed_modules": {"ansible.legacy.setup": {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "failed": true, "module_stderr": "/bin/sh: 1: /usr/bin/python: not found\n", "module_stdout": "", "msg": "The module failed to execute correctly, you probably need to set the interpreter.\nSee stdout/stderr for the exact error", "rc": 127, "warnings": ["No python interpreters found for host ubuntu (tried ['/usr/bin/python', 'python3.9', 'python3.8', 'python3.7', 'python3.6', 'python3.5', 'python2.7', 'python2.6', '/usr/libexec/platform-python', '/usr/bin/python3', 'python'])"]}}, "msg": "The following modules failed to execute: ansible.legacy.setup\n"}
ok: [centos7]
TASK [Print OS] **********************
ok: [centos7] => {
"msg": "CentOS"
}
TASK [Print fact] ****************************************
ok: [centos7] => {
"msg": "el default fact"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************
centos7                    : ok=3    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

ubuntu                     : ok=0    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

При помощи ansible-vault зашифруйте факты в group_vars/deb и group_vars/el с паролем netology.

mike@HOMEDX79SR:~/ans81/playbook$ ansible-vault encrypt_string
New Vault password: 
Confirm New Vault password: 
Reading plaintext input from stdin. (ctrl-d to end input, twice if your content does not already have a newline)
"el default fact"
!vault |
          $ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
          31303763653732663930356431643137326661313465643665393236636231636532656564396265
          3839633431623939643461323866666238623861343066610a613535646633633165313635643734
          31643566663031643130306639626438663431353936373139303462663236623061326366353061
          3361376134636362340a643133373930633232353661376166616331376566376231316130663861
          62626635393366383132313739653536653035623862616636393238353663303932
Encryption successful
mike@HOMEDX79SR:~/ans81/playbook$ ansible-vault encrypt_string
New Vault password:
Confirm New Vault password:
Reading plaintext input from stdin. (ctrl-d to end input, twice if your content does not already have a newline)
"deb default fact"
!vault |
$ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
32613635353731336361326662616133373262356563313634396333653436326365363264643365
3439373832373966323264333665323637393233313335610a343262303765643437663266356635
35653063303862346665393266646562333834353061653139666237613030653066356232666530
3838316164356336650a323863663239666439613364393136653738356361333436663537306265
61633237393831666135376466326336383634656530326232383939306337376164
Encryption successful
mike@HOMEDX79SR:~/ans81/playbook$ ansible-playbook -i inventory/prod.yml site.yml --ask-vault-pass
TASK [Print fact] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [centos7] => {
"msg": ""el default fact"\n"
}

//
В prod.yml добавьте новую группу хостов с именем local, в ней разместите localhost с необходимым типом подключения.

---
  el:
    hosts:
      centos7:
        ansible_connection: docker
  deb:
    hosts:
      ubuntu:
        ansible_connection: docker
  local:
    hosts:
      localhost:
        ansible_connection: local

Запустите playbook на окружении prod.yml. При запуске ansible должен запросить у вас пароль. Убедитесь что факты some_fact для каждого из хостов определены из верных group_vars.

mike@HOMEDX79SR:~/ans81/playbook$ ansible-playbook -i inventory/prod.yml site.yml --ask-vault-pass
Vault password: 
PLAY [Print os facts] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost]
fatal: [ubuntu]: FAILED! => {"ansible_facts": {}, "changed": false, "failed_modules": {"ansible.legacy.setup": {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "failed": true, "module_stderr": "/bin/sh: 1: /usr/bin/python: not found\n", "module_stdout": "", "msg": "The module failed to execute correctly, you probably need to set the interpreter.\nSee stdout/stderr for the exact error", "rc": 127, "warnings": ["No python interpreters found for host ubuntu (tried ['/usr/bin/python', 'python3.9', 'python3.8', 'python3.7', 'python3.6', 'python3.5', 'python2.7', 'python2.6', '/usr/libexec/platform-python', '/usr/bin/python3', 'python'])"]}}, "msg": "The following modules failed to execute: ansible.legacy.setup\n"}
ok: [centos7]
TASK [Print OS] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => {
"msg": "Ubuntu"
}
ok: [centos7] => {
"msg": "CentOS"
}
TASK [Print fact] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => {
"msg": "all default fact"
}
ok: [centos7] => {
"msg": ""el default fact"\n"
}
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
centos7                    : ok=3    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

localhost                  : ok=3    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

ubuntu                     : ok=0    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0