MPU6050 MQTT based intrusion detection system
This Github page contains the documentation and codebase of the project "Intrusion detection with MQTT and Grafana Monitoring". The project is an effort of the students Abhilash Malleshappa Bhajantri (26119) and Vineeth Vijaykumar Chitragi (26213) in the study course Real Time Embedded System 2018-19 at Hochschule Rhein-Waal. The application involves
- Develop a prototype sensor system with ESP32 and MPU6050 which can publish/send the acceleration and gyroscope 6 axial data.
- Subscribe for the data the store it in InfluxDB
- Post the data to ThingSpeak Portal
- Monitor the 6 axial (3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer) data on Grafana
Compact I2C devices like Gyroscope Sensor can help in the axial monitoring system which detects the parameters and shares it to user through MQTT and can be monitored on Grafana or can be controlled via mobile devices. This motion tracking system can also help to detect intrusions at homes or any commercial building with proper implementation. This project is prototype of such a system where the data is visualised on Grafana. In addition the project also has an Andorid application which notifies the user in case of any intrusion.
The current application has two parts implementation
- Publish the sensor readings and subscribe for the values via MQTT broker on Node-RED. Join all the sensor data and insert it into InfluxDB which is a time series database and finally we query the data on Grafana for monitoring and visualising.
- Post the sensor data to ThingSpeak portal which in turn will give an REST api. This api can be configured in Android. Based on the 3-Axis accelerometer the user will recceive the notification in case of any intrusion detection.
The first approach via MQTT broker has been the primary focus of this project. However the instruction set for the Android project can be found here
ESP32 is a low power system on chip microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi and dual bluetooth modes. Its low power design is suitable for IoT application. For this implementation we have chosen, WIFI Lora 32 provided by Heltec which has a ESP32 microprocessor with integrated WiFi, LoRa and Bluetooth connectivity modules. This board has been chosen for its ability to communicate over Wi-Fi, making it easier to send data to either ThingSpeak or utilize MQTT broker to publish data to chosen topics. It also supports Arduino Development environment, making it easier to program codes with Arduino IDE. The steps to setup ESP32 with Arduino IDE can be found here
MPU6050 is used for reading accelerometer and gyroscope readings. It provides a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer readings. The digital output is via I²C protocol. To establish communication between this sensor and the board we have to use the Wire library provided by Arduino. Below code is used to read data from the sensor.
MPU6050 accelgyro;
int16_t ax, ay, az;
int16_t gx, gy, gz;
...
accelgyro.getMotion6(&ax, &ay, &az, &gx, &gy, &gz);
The connections between the Heltec board and MPU6050 is as below:
| MPU6050 | Heltec ESP32 |
|---|---|
| VCC | 3V3 |
| GND | GND |
| SCL | 22 |
| SDA | 21 |
Install the following libraries for the implementation:
- MPU6050 - Library to use MPU6050 functionalities in IDE
- PubSubClient - For MQTT connections
- ThingSpeak - For connecting to ThingSpeak
- WireData - To simplify data sending over I²C
In Arduino IDE navigate to Tools -> Manage Libraries... and search for the following libraries and install them.
Node-RED is a light-weight programming tool built on Node.js for wiring the hardware components together as nodes, APIs and online service in a new and interesting way. It provides a browser-based flow editor that makes it easy to wire together flows using the wide range of nodes in the palette. This makes it ideal to run at the edge of the network on low-cost hardware such as the Raspberry Pi as well as in the cloud.The flows created in Node-RED are stored using JSON which can be easily imported and exported for sharing with others. An online flow library allows you to share your best flows with the world.
The complete installation guide, instruction sets, different types of nodes used and the wiring mechanism can be found here in detail.
MQTT is a machine-to-machine (M2M)/"Internet of Things" connectivity protocol MQTT. It stands for MQ Telemetry Transport but previously was known as Message Queuing Telemetry Transport. It's a lightweight publish/subscribe messaging protocol designed for M2M (machine to machine) telemetry in low bandwidth environments.MQTT is fast becoming one of the main protocols for IOT (internet of things) deployments. See MQTT vs HTTP for the comparison of performances.
Download the suitable MQTT broker from MOSQUITTO and install it on your PC/Laptop.
Once installation is done navigate to C:\Program Files\mosquitto(on windows) or wherever the broker is installed and run mosquitto.exe
By default the mosquitto broker runs on port 1883, but it can be modified inside C:\Program Files\mosquitto\mosquitto.conf
You can now connect to the broker using your machine's IP along with post number ,
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
//Ip address of your machine
const char* mqtt_server = "local_IPv4_addr";
void setup() {
.
.
setup_wifi();
client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
.
.
}
void loop() {
.
.
client.publish("esp32/XAcc", String(ax).c_str(), true);
client.publish("esp32/YAcc", String(ax).c_str(), true);
client.publish("esp32/XGyr", String(ax).c_str(), true);
.
.
Complete code can be found here. Once you run the program on your board you will be able to subscribe to above mentioned sensor readings in the code snippet.
InfluxDB is an open source time series database platform. This includes APIs for storing and querying data, processing it in the background for ETL or monitoring and alerting purposes, user dashboards, and visualizing and exploring the data and more. InfluxDB is very easy to start and scale time series data gives deep insights for unified metrics and events. It has diverted the industry focus from Relational database like SQL and has become vital for IoT based businesses to capture and analyze untapped data from virtual and physical assets to seize new opportunities.
The complete installation guide, instruction sets and set up can be found here in detail.
Grafana is the leading open source software for time series analytics. The tool for beautiful monitoring and metric analytics & dashboards for Graphite, InfluxDB & Prometheus & More Grafana. Head to doc-grafana for documentation and its implementation in the current project.