GraphGen Engine Refactor with Ray Data

[ChenZiHong-Gavin]

We're thrilled to announce a groundbreaking refactor of GraphGen's pipeline engine, now powered by Ray Data for truly distributed, scalable data processing! This architectural evolution transforms GraphGen from a multi-threaded local engine into a production-ready distributed system that unifies heterogeneous resource management and enables high-performance streaming pipelines.

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✨ What's New

1. Ray Data-Powered Execution Engine

• True Distributed Processing: Leverage Ray's actor model and dataset abstractions for seamless multi-node scaling. The engine now performs topological sorting of your YAML-defined DAG and translates it into a streaming Ray Data flow, where each operator becomes a distributed transformation.
• Elastic Resource Management: Automatic GPU/CPU allocation with ActorPoolStrategy - no more manual worker management. Declare resources per operator (replicas, num_gpus, batch_size) and Ray handles the rest.
• Streaming Dataflow with Lazy Execution: Efficient pipeline execution with built-in batching, partitioning, and backpressure handling. The entire DAG is constructed lazily and only materializes when you consume final results, minimizing intermediate data serialization.
• Fault Tolerance: Ray's native failure recovery ensures robust long-running jobs, with per-operator retry logic and lineage reconstruction.

2. New Operator Framework

• BaseOperator Class: All operators (read, chunk, build_kg, generate, etc.) now inherit from a unified Ray-native base class with integrated logging and lifecycle management.
• Per-Actor Logging: Individual log files per operator instance (cache/logs/OperatorName_workerID.log) for easier debugging in distributed environments.
• Flexible Execution Models: Native support for map, filter, flatmap, map_batch, and aggregate patterns, with batch size control and automatic pandas DataFrame serialization.

3. Distributed Storage Layer with Actor Isolation

• Ray Actor-Backed Storage: Both Graph (Kuzu/NetworkX) and KV (RocksDB/JSON) stores are now managed by persistent Ray actors, eliminating serialization overhead and race conditions.
• Thread-Safe Operations: Actor-based storage provides atomic upsert/get operations, preventing corruption when multiple workers simultaneously write to the knowledge graph.
• Lifecycle Management: Detached actors survive driver exit - perfect for iterative development and avoiding costly re-initialization of graph databases.

4. LLM Serviceization for Resource Reuse

• Dedicated LLM Actors: Each LLM backend (sglang, vLLM, OpenAI, etc.) runs in isolated actors with proper GPU allocation. Models stay loaded in memory throughout the pipeline execution.
• LLMServiceProxy Pattern: Lightweight proxies in each operator worker communicate with central LLM actors via Ray handles, enabling efficient model sharing without Pickle serialization of model weights.
• Dynamic GPU Scaling: SYNTHESIZER_NUM_GPUS and TRAINEE_NUM_GPUS environment variables control resource assignment, with automatic actor placement on appropriate nodes.

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🏗️ Architecture Deep Dive

We've restructured GraphGen into a modular, maintainable architecture:

bases/ (Core Abstractions)

• Defines unified interfaces: BaseOperator, BaseLLMWrapper, BaseStorage
• Standardizes data types: Chunk, Node, Config, Community

models/ (Atomic Capabilities)

• Self-contained algorithm implementations (readers, splitters, storage backends, LLM wrappers)
• Each model can be independently tested and developed

operators/ (Ray-Ready Tasks)

• Business logic nodes that wrap models into Ray-schedulable operators
• Examples: ReadOperator, ChunkOperator, BuildKGOperator, GenerateOperator

common/ (Global Services)

• Singleton factories: init_llm() and init_storage() manage actor lifecycles
• Ensures one LLM actor and one storage actor per namespace

engine.py (DAG Orchestrator)

• Parses YAML configs, builds computation graph, performs topological sorting
• Translates graph nodes into Ray Data transformations with proper dependency handling